The sky appears blue during the day because of the way that Earth's atmosphere scatters sunlight. The sun emits light that contains a range of colors, from red to violet. When sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere, the shorter, bluer wavelengths are scattered more easily by the molecules in the air, such as nitrogen and oxygen, than the longer, redder wavelengths. This scattering of blue light makes the sky appear blue to us.
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On the other hand, space appears black because it is mostly empty. In the vacuum of space, there are no molecules or particles to scatter or reflect light. When we look up at the night sky, we see the dark void of space, punctuated by the light of stars and other celestial objects that are emitting their own light.
The sky appears blue during the day because of a phenomenon called Rayleigh scattering. As sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere, the shorter blue wavelengths of light are scattered more than the longer red wavelengths. This means that more blue light reaches our eyes from all directions, making the sky appear blue. This effect is also why sunsets often appear red or orange, as the sunlight travels through more of the Earth's atmosphere at a lower angle and the blue light is scattered away.
Space appears black because there is no atmosphere to scatter sunlight. In the vacuum of space, there are no particles to reflect, refract or scatter the light, so it simply travels through space until it is absorbed or reflected by an object such as a planet, star or galaxy. This lack of scattering is why the darkness of space is so absolute.
So, in summary, the sky appears blue due to the scattering of sunlight by Earth's atmosphere, while space appears black because of the lack of scattering or reflection of light in the vacuum.
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